Coated article and process of making same.



H. SHOEMAKER & P. W. MIDGLEY.

GOATED ARTIGLE AND PROCESS 0F MAKING SAME.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.8. 1909.

Patented July 13, 1909.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIoE.

HARRY SHOEMAKER AND FREDERICK W. MIDGLEY, OF JERSEY. CITY, NEW JERSEY.

COATED ARTICLE AND PROCESS 0F MAKING SAME.

To allwhom 'it may concern: f

lie it known that we, HARRY SHoEMAnER and FREDERICK W. MIDGLEY, citizens of the lUnited States, residing at Jersey City, county of Hudson, and State of New Jersey, have invented new and useful Improvements in Coated Articles and Processesof Making Same, of which the following is a specifica.- tion. Our invention relates to a processfor coatlng glass or other vitreous substance with a metal or other electrically conduct-ing ma terial, and relates to the coated glass or other vitreous substance."

In general, our .invention resides in a process for coating glass or other vitreous material with another material, preferably metal. This process consists in roughening the surface of the glass or vitreous material, either by chemical or other means, and then subjecting the roughened surface to a metal or other brush, or the like, whereby the metal or other material of the brush or other device is worn or ground off by the roughened surface, the particles of metal or material being lodged in the hollows of the roughened surface and firmly secured therein by the brush or other device, in intimate engagement with the surface, until a complete coating is formed, and which may finally be burnished on the exposed surface. Then, upon the exposed surface of this preliminary coating may be electroplated or otherwise deposited a metallic or other coating.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a vertical cross sectional View of one form of condenser'made by our process. Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross sectional view on the line X-X of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional View, on enlarged scale, illustrating the glass or other material and the two coatings.

The condenser jar or tube consists of the cylindrical tube or jar T of glass or other vitreous insulating material, being closed at the lower end as shown at E. As frequently used in wireless signaling transmitting apparatus, these tubes are approximately two inches in external diameter and approxi- Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January 8, 1909.

Patented July 18, 1909.

Serial No. 471,229.

mately sixteen inches in length, thol'lgh it is to be understood that our invention is not limited`in any way to tubes or jars of .these dimensions. On the inner wall of the tube T is a coating C, whose thickness is shown exaggerated, of copper or other conducting material applied to the surface of the tube or jar by the process about to be described. And on the exterior surface of the jar or ytube T is a similar coating K, also shown of exaggerated thickness, applied by the Sallie process.

To those portions of the tube or jar T which are not to be platedor coated is applied a coating of wax or other suitable material. The exposed surfaces' are then subjected to hydro-uoric acid, or other suitable material, which acts upon the glass or `vitreous material leaving a rough sharp surface, as illustrated by Fig. 3. 0r the rough surface may be produced by other than chemical means. The rough sharp surface is then brought inte contact with a copper or other brush, which is rotated at high speed. In consequence, copper in finely divided form is ground ofl' of the brush by the rough 'sharp surface ofthe glass or other material,

and at the same time this finely divided copper is substantially hammered into the roughened surface of the glass. By the continuous grinding, rubbing and burnishing effect on the brush,` for the period of some minutes, an extremely thin film, F, (see Fig. 3) of copper or metal adheres to the glass or other material, the adhesion being very firm indeed. The copper or other coating is `preferably smooth and burnished on the exposed side, that is, on the side oppos1te the lass or other material. And, as thus applled, this preliminary ,coating adheres most firmly, and it is difficult indeed to separate the same from the surface ofthe glass or other material. After thls prelimlnary coating, which covers the surface, copper or other material is electroplated on this preliminary coating to the required thlckness. The result is a perfectly uniform metallic coating which is 1n most intimate, close and rrn contaetwith the glass, there being no air or gas spaces between the coating and the glass. Such air or gas spaces would be detrimental, especially when tlie glass and coating form a condenser of wireless signaling apparatus involving high potential current.

A condenser made according to this process has long life, is satisfactory electrically, and is not so subject to breakage as in earlier forms of condensers.

The process, as hereinbefore described, is simple and by its practice, glass or other vitreous material is very cheaply and perfectly coated, and in the case of condensers,

the cost is comparatively smallwhen considering the excellence of the resulting conensers and their longlife. The condenser vherein illustrated is, in fact, a Leyden jar or vial, and it is to be understood that our invention is equally applicable to Leyden jars 'or condensers of other shapes and sizes, and that our process is applicable as well in the manufacture of coated glass .or vitreous material when used YLfor other than electrical purposes. s What we claim is: f

1. The process of coating glass or other vitreous material, which comprises roughening the surface to be coated, subjecting the roughened surface to coating material, and forcing the finely divided material ground off by the roughened surface'into firm and j intimate contact with said face. y

'2. The process of coating glass or other vitreous material which comprises giving to the glass or other material a rough Shar surface, subjecting coating material to grin mgl action by the roughenedlsurface, and forcing said material into rm and intimate contact with said roughened surface.

i3. The process of coating glass which comprises subjecting the surface to be coated to roughened surhydro-fluoric acid to produce a roughened to said surface,`

surface, applying coatin and forcing said materia firmly and intiifnately into contact with said roughened surace. v v

1 1. The process of coating glass which comprises subjecting the surface to be coated 4to .hydro-fluoric acid to produce a roughened surface, applying finely divided coating material to said surface, forcing said material firmly into close contact withlthe roughened surface and applying sufficient of said material to entirely cover said surface, and burnishing the exposed surface.

5. The process of coating glass which comprises subjecting tlie surface to be coated to hydro-fluoric acid to vproduce a roughened surface, applying to said surface finely divided coating material, forcing said material firmly and intimately into engagement with the roughened surface, andV cient of said material to ent y' cover said depositing a coating upon said preliminary coat-ing.

6. The process of coating glass which comprises subjecting the surface to. be'coated to hydro-fiuoric acid to produce a roughened surface, applying to said surface finely divided coating material, forcing said material firmly and intimately into engagement with the roughened surface and applying suiiicient of said material to entirely cover said surface, burnishing the exposed surface, and electrically depositing a coating upon said preliminary coating.

7. The process of coating glass or other vitreous material which comprises producing a rough sharp surface thereon, subjecting said surface to coating material to grind o tl' coating material and lodge the same on said roughened surface, forcing said ground 0H material into iirm and intimate contact with said surface, and then depositing a coating upon said preliminary coating.

8. The -process of ooatmg glass or other vitreous material whichcomprises producing a rough sharp surface thereon, subjecting said surface to coating material, to. grind off coating material and lodge the same on said roughened surface, forcing said ground 0H material into firm and intimate contact with said surface, and then electrically depositing a c oating upon said preliminary coating. l

. 9. The process of coating glasswhich comprises subjecting the surface to be coated to hydro-fluoric acid to roughen said surface, bringing said surface into contact with relatively moving coating material, whereby coating material is ground olf and forced into firm and intimate contact with said surface, and then depositing a coating upon said preliminary coating.

10. The process of coating glass which comprises subjecting the surface to be coated to hydro-fluoric acidto roughen said surface, bringing said surface into contact with relatively moving coating material, wherebyI coating material is ground off and forced into firm and intimate contact with said surface, and then electrically depositing a coating upon said preliminary coating.

11. As an article of manufacture, glass or vitreous material having a roughened surface, and a coating on the roughened surface formed by coating material round oil by and forced intimately and rnily into engagement with said surface. j

12. As an article off manufacture, glass `or vitreous material having a roughened surface, a preliminary coating formed of material ground ofi' by and forced into firm and intimate contact with the' roughened surface, and another coating 'deposited upon said preliminary coatintg. j

13. As an article o manufacture, glass or vitreous material having a roughened affixed our signatures in the presence of the surface, a preliminary coating formed of two subscribing witnesses. conducting material ground off by and H ARRY QHOEMAKER forced into rm and intimate Contact with -FREDK "V MIDGLEY' the roughened surface, and another coating electrically depositedv upon said preliminary Witnessesz coating. M. F. CARROLL,

In testimony whereof Wc have hereunto i ROBERT MCCABE. 

